Case Study Farmers and their families have been protesting on the interstate border of Delhi for months, camped out on roads demonstrating over the government's new farm laws which they think will ruin their livelihoods. Farmer unions and their representatives have demanded that the laws be repealed and have stated that they will not accept a compromise. Farmer leaders have welcomed the Supreme Court of India stay order on the implementation of the farm laws but rejected the committee appointed by the Supreme Court. Farmer leaders have also rejected a government proposal of suspending the laws for 18 months. Eleven rounds of talks have taken place between the central government and farmers represented by the farm unions; all were inconclusive. The protesting farmers sometimes turn violent and damage public property in the guise of peaceful protest. A number of telecom towers of a particular company and other infrastructure were also damaged. The roads approaching to Delhi have been turned into protesting sites and are blocked by protesters causing nuisance to passengers and local population. However supporters of the laws say improvements are badly needed, as thousands of farmers are struggling. What are the ethical issues in the case? Discuss the different options available and how will you respond in this case?

Case Study Rajiv is a Senior Engineer at a prestigious government research laboratory, overseeing the development of cutting-edge satellite technology for improved weather forecasting and disaster prediction. As project lead, he's responsible for selecting components and materials. While reviewing supplier proposals, Rajiv notices his sister's struggling startup has submitted a competitive bid with innovative solutions that could enhance the satellite's performance. Rajiv is aware that awarding the contract to his sister's company could save it from bankruptcy, but it might also raise questions of nepotism and compromise the selection process's integrity. The laboratory management fully trusts Rajiv and would support his decision. He now faces a dilemma between his professional obligations and his desire to help his sister's business, knowing that his choice could have significant implications for the project's success, his personal relationships, and the ethical standards of government contracting. 1. Who are the stakeholders involved in this situation? 2. What are the ethical dilemmas involved in this case? 3. What should be the course of action for Rajiv to resolve this issue?

Case Study Recently, a 19-year-old Dalit man who was part of catering service was attacked after he accidentally touched the food on the plate of an upper caste person at a wedding function. The matter was resolved after other people present there intervened and the victim returned home. However, the accused and his aides later went to the victim’s residence and beat him up. When other members of the family tried to intervene, they were also beaten up. Further, the accused also damaged a motorcycle parked on the premises of the house. Despite this, police did not make any arrest and took the matter lightly. Due to inaction of police in making any arrest, the situation is further deteriorating and clashes broke out between two opposite groups of upper and lower caste. (a) As an IPS officer, how would you resolve this issue and what would be your course of action? (b) How could you prevent re-occurrence of such incidents in your district?

Case Study Dr. Ananya Rao is a senior drug regulator in a state where several pharmaceutical manufacturing units produce low-cost medicines, including paediatric cough syrups, for both domestic use and export. These medicines are widely used by economically weaker sections due to their affordability. Recently, reports emerged that a batch of cough syrups manufactured by a local company was linked to the deaths of several children after consumption. Preliminary investigations indicated the presence of toxic contaminants due to the use of substandard raw materials and poor quality control. International media coverage has raised serious concerns about India’s pharmaceutical regulatory standards, affecting the country’s reputation as the “pharmacy of the world.” The manufacturing company claims that it complied with existing regulations and argues that stricter enforcement and frequent inspections would increase production costs, making medicines unaffordable for the poor and harming export competitiveness. Some political and industry stakeholders have informally urged Dr. Rao to avoid drastic action such as suspension of licenses, citing potential job losses, investor backlash, and diplomatic sensitivities. At the same time, families of the affected children are demanding accountability, criminal prosecution, and compensation. Public trust in the healthcare system and drug safety mechanisms is visibly eroding. Questions 1.Discuss the ethical dilemma between affordability of medicines, industrial growth, and the principle of ‘non malfiance’ in Bio ethics ethics. 2.What options are available to Dr. Ananya Rao in responding to this crisis? Evaluate the ethical merits and limitations of each option. 3.What course of action should Dr. Rao adopt to uphold medical ethics, accountability, and public interest while ensuring long-term credibility of the health system? Justify your answer.

Case Study You are the CEO of XYZ Corporation, a multinational conglomerate. The company appoints a new manager, Mr. Rakesh, known for prioritizing short-term profitability and cost-cutting measures. Under his leadership, the company's financial performance improves, but ethical concerns arise. Mr. Rakesh implements strategies that include capital infusion through debts and over pressurising the employees to work, resulting a significant increase in company’s profitability. Through his policies Company’s shareholder value started increasing and very soon, Mr. Rakesh earns a good reputation image in the eyes of the Board of the directors. Gradually, the employees start leaving the company. During the initial inquiries you come to know that its Rakesh’s unruly behaviour because of which the employees are leaving. You also come to know that the policies of Rakesh will boost the profits for a short term, but they’re not suitable for sustainability in the long run. The cosy picture that Mr Rakesh has presented is not entirely true. He manipulates financial statements using regulatory loopholes, artificially inflating the company's profitability. This practice attracts investors but questions the accuracy and transparency of financial reporting. What are the ethical issues involved and what options are available to you to handle this situation?

Case Study In a horrific incident which sparked outrage in your district, a 17-year-old girl, on her way to school with her younger sister, was attacked with an acid-like substance by two men on a motorcycle near her home. She sustained severe injuries on her face, neck and eyes, currently she is being treated at the Hospital. She comes from a very humble family and her family looked up to her for alleviating them from poverty. Further, the incident has once again brought back to focus the heinous crime of acid attacks and the easy availability of corrosive substances, therefore, people are anguished and have started protesting and demanding the death penalty for the culprits. As a district magistrate, what would you do to resolve the situation? What steps would you take to stop easy availability of hazardous substances?