UPSC Mains question bank

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

“In an era marked by shifting geopolitical alignments and the rise of minilateral groupings, examine the relevance of multilateralism in India’s foreign policy. How can India leverage multilateral platforms to advance its strategic autonomy and global leadership ambitions?”

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

Geopolitics today is increasingly shaped by control over technology, financial systems, and trade networks rather than military power alone.” Discuss. (250 words).

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

With the rise of competing connectivity and infrastructure initiatives globally, examine how strategic corridors and partnerships influence regional geopolitics and India’s positioning.( 250 words).

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

In the context of shifting geopolitical dynamics and external influences in South Asia, analyse how India’s neighbourhood policy navigates challenges of connectivity, security and regional cooperation .(250 words).

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

“In the evolving geopolitics of West Asia, the UAE has emerged as a key strategic partner for India. Analyze the role of this partnership in advancing India’s regional interests.”

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

In recent years, multilateral institutions have faced challenges of legitimacy and effectiveness. Examine how India’s approach to multilateralism reflects both reformist aspirations and pragmatic engagement. (250 words).

GS2 · International Relations · 10 marks

In the context of shifting geopolitical dynamics in the Indo-Pacific, analyse the strategic significance of maritime partnerships for India’s security and economic interests. (150 words).

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

“India’s policy of multi-alignment is most tested during geopolitical crises.” Analyse this statement in the context of recent West Asian conflict.

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

Energy interdependence and diaspora remittances have long underpinned India’s engagement with West Asia. Discuss how emerging geopolitical realignments and regional conflicts affect India’s strategic autonomy in the region. (250 words).

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

To what extent has the India–France partnership helped India diversify its strategic and technological dependencies in a multipolar world? ( 250 words)

GS2 · International Relations · 10 marks

“In the context of shifting global power structures, examine India’s contribution to the reform of global governance institutions.” (150 words).

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

India's engagement with the United States is characterized by enhanced strategic cooperation without abandoning strategic autonomy.” Assess how this duality affects bilateral relations in light of evolving global and regional geopolitics.

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

India’s foreign policy is increasingly shaped by pragmatic engagement rather than ideological alignment. Analyse how this approach affects India’s relations with major powers and regional groupings.

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

“Discuss the role of the India–EU FTA in strengthening India’s strategic autonomy amid global trade fragmentation.”

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

How does deglobalisation challenge the principles of liberal international economic order? Examine its impact on developing countries, particularly in terms of growth, employment, and technology access.

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

The effectiveness of regional groupings depends not only on institutional design but also on political will among member states.Critically analyse this statement with suitable examples.

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

The ongoing conflicts in Eastern Europe and West Asia have exposed the limitations of existing international security architectures.Critically analyse how these developments affect global stability and India’s strategic interests.

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

“India’s engagement with Africa is moving from solidarity to strategic partnership.” Critically analyse.

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

India’s relations with Russia continue to evolve amid shifting global geopolitics. Examine the strategic, economic, and geopolitical dimensions of contemporary India–Russia engagement.

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

“India’s approach to evolving multipolar world order is characterised by the Multi alignment and strategic autonomy.” Analyze the effectiveness of this approach in securing India’s core national interests,particularly in dealing with challenges posed by the rise of China.

GS2 · International Relations · 10 marks

“India’s rise will depend not only on power projection but on norm-setting in the global order.” Analyse India’s ability to shape global rules on technology, trade, and climate.

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

“India’s engagement with Africa has moved towards a development-centric and demand-driven partnership. Critically evaluate the key drivers and challenges shaping this evolving relationship.

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

India–Sri Lanka relations have evolved from historical and cultural closeness to strategic engagement shaped by geopolitical realities. Discuss the major challenges in the relationship and suggest measures to strengthen mutual trust.

GS2 · International Relations · 15 marks

The India–US partnership has moved from a transactional to a transformational phase. Critically assess this evolution in the context of emerging global power shifts.

GS2 · International Relations · 10 marks

“India’s multilateralism is guided by both moral leadership and strategic pragmatism.” Discuss this duality with examples from India’s role in the SCO and BRICS.