Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? (Answer in 150 words, UPSC Mains 2023)

Question

Accepted Answer

The world today is confronted with a crisis of availability and access to freshwater resources, impacting millions of people globally.
Causes of the Crisis
Over one billion people in developing countries have inadequate access to clean water due to scarcity of drinking water, poor infrastructure, and water pollution [1].
Poverty, costs of infrastructure, and poor governance are major barriers to addressing water problems in developing nations [1].
Consequences of the Crisis
The effects of climate change on the water cycle exacerbate these problems, leading to increased water scarcity and pollution [1].
Almost 80% of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water quality and other water-related issues that cause death [1].
Water Footprint and Conservation
The water footprint of an individual or community can be calculated to understand the total volume of fresh water used for consumption [2].
Water conservation aims to sustainably manage freshwater resources, protect the hydrosphere, and meet current and future human demand [4].
Way forward:
Implementing sustainable water management practices and investing in infrastructure to improve access to clean water.
Promoting water conservation through education and awareness campaigns.
The crisis of freshwater availability and access requires a multi-faceted approach, involving governments, communities, and individuals working together to address the root causes and consequences of this issue.

Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources? (Answer in 150 words, UPSC Mains 2023)

Model answer

Causes of the Crisis

Consequences of the Crisis

Water Footprint and Conservation

Way forward