“When there is citizen participation in budgeting and closer engagement of citizens in the monitoring of civic works, there are better outcomes and fewer leakages.” In the light of the given statement discuss the utility of the Participatory Budgeting.

Discuss the evolution of Centre-State relations in India since independence. How have constitutional provisions and judicial interpretations influenced these relations?

In the context of prolonged judicial delays, examine how pendency of cases affects governance certainty, federal balance, and the protection of citizens’ rights. (250 words).

What are the various issues around ordinance making power of President and Governors? Also discuss the safeguards which are in place to prevent misuse of ordinance making power.

“Indian federalism is undergoing a transition marked by the rise of competitive federalism.” Discuss the nature and implications of this shift. (250 words).

How far do you think cooperation, competition and confrontation have shaped the nature of federation in India? Cite some recent examples to validate your answer. (UPSC GS-2 Mains 2020)

While civil society organisations act as watchdogs of democracy, concerns regarding their transparency and accountability have also emerged. Critically analyse this paradox in the Indian context.