. The 42 nd Constitutional Amendment is often referred to as a "mini-constitution." Examine its impact on transforming the original constitutional framework.

"Judicial independence and judicial accountability are two sides of the same coin." Analyse the challenges in maintaining this balance in India.

Analyze the factors behind the Supreme Court's decision to strike down the Electoral Bonds Scheme. Propose recommendations for improving transparency in political funding in India.

“Deficiencies in the present system of appointment of Election Commissioners needs to be removed and adequate safeguards must be put into place to ensure that ethical and capable people head the concerned positions”. Comment.

The Directive principles which are fundamental in the governance of the country cannot be isolated from the fundamental rights guaranteed. Examine.

Does identity based politics weakens democracy by creating multiple fissures in society or strengthens it by increasing bargaining power of a collective group? Discuss giving reasons in support of your answer

Examine how the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 addressed linguistic and regional aspirations and analyze its impact on national integration and administrative efficiency. (250 words).