Natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, and earthquakes are becoming increasingly frequent and severe in India. In this context, discuss the challenges faced by the country in managing such disasters.

Critically evaluate the effectiveness of India’s disaster management framework. Suggest key reforms to strengthen disaster preparedness and resilience in the face of growing climate risks.

Discuss about the vulnerability of India to earthquake related hazards. Give examples including the salient features of major disasters caused by earthquakes in different parts of India during the last three decades.

‘India, as a whole, must integrate disaster preparedness into its core system, starting from the ground-level.’ In light of the statement, discuss the role of Panchayati Raj institution (PRI) in effective Disaster management.

Stampedes are often preventable tragedies rooted in inadequate planning, lack of accountability, and weak enforcement. Comment.

In the context of community-centric approaches, examine how local knowledge and decentralised governance can enhance disaster preparedness and recovery. ( 150 words).

Examine the intersection of sustainable development goals and the Sendai Framework. How can integrated approaches to disaster risk reduction contribute to broader socio-economic development?