India's coastal ecosystems face multiple threats from climate change and development pressures. Examine the effectiveness of Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) norms in protecting these vulnerable ecosystems..

Examine the ecological and socio-economic implications of climate change on India's coastal biodiversity. How can integrated coastal zone management help mitigate the potential long-term impacts on marine ecosystems?

In the effort to secure a global consensus around this target, India must first “green” its fossil fuel energy basket. This can be done by increasing the share of natural gas. Discuss.

COP30 reflects both the potential and the limits of multilateral climate cooperation. Discuss the key strengths and structural weaknesses of the present global climate governance.

How do you analyse the perceived trade-off between poverty reduction and environmental sustainability?

COP-30 has been projected as a critical milestone for accelerating global climate action after the first Global Stocktake. Examine the significance of COP-30 in the context of strengthening Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and bridging the ambition gap.

Describe the major outcomes of the 26 th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made by India in this conference?