In the backdrop of rapid technological diffusion, analyse how low-cost disruptive technologies are altering the asymmetry between state and non-state actors.

. Recently, Home Ministry issued orders authorising 10 central government agencies to monitor, intercept and decrypt all data contained in any computer system. Do you think such powers are needed to address contemporary internal security challenges? Critically analyse.

The citizens’ right to protest is a pillar of Indian democracy. However, protests and demonstrations often become a law and order problem and a challenge to internal security. Why is it so? Discuss

Discuss the role of paramilitary forces in ensuring the internal security of India.

The weaponization of social media for propaganda and recruitment by extremist groups poses a significant threat to internal security. How can India develop a robust strategy to combat digital extremism without compromising democratic values?

With the increasing use of encrypted communication and dark web networks by non-state actors, examine how technological anonymity challenges traditional intelligence and law enforcement mechanisms. ( 250 words).

“Borders today are as much digital as they are physical.” Analyze India’s vulnerabilities to cyber intrusions and digital espionage. Suggest an integrated cyber defense and digital sovereignty strategy.