In the backdrop of European expansion and global competition, analyse how imperialism transformed political boundaries, economic systems and cultural identities across Asia and Africa. (150 words )

What were the reasons for the French Revolution? Examine its impact on French society in particular and on the world in general.

What do you understand by Sufism. Explain how Sufism is relevant in the present times?

Discuss the system of Apartheid in South Africa which came to an end in 1994. Mention the role played by India in bringing apartheid to an end in South Africa.

How did Bhakti literature shape Indian culture, and what was the nature of its expression across regions?

Discuss the development of science and technology in post-independence India.

The First World War left a deep impact on European society and polity. Examine.