Discuss the ethical dilemmas associated with space exploration and commercialization. How can governments and international organizations promote responsible space activities while considering the potential impact on celestial bodies and extraterrestrial life?

'The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated’.- Mahatma Gandhi Discuss the ethical dimensions of animal welfare in the context of India's socio-cultural and economic realities. ( 150 words)

Differentiate between the following terms:

"Procedural integrity is a cornerstone of good governance, yet there are situations where strict compliance with rules may result in outcomes that violate the spirit of justice. In such circumstances, should a civil servant uphold substantive justice even if it means deviating from procedural norms?" Discuss with relevant examples from public administration.

How emotional intelligence can be a way to happiness?

‘‘What really matters for success, character, happiness and lifelong achievements is a definite set of emotional skills – your EQ – not just purely cognitive abilities that are measured by conventional IQ tests.’’ Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer. (Answer in 1 50 words, UPSC Mains 2023)

With rising public scrutiny and declining trust in institutions, analyse how ethical leadership, transparency and accountability collectively shape legitimacy in democratic governance. (150 words).