“Conventional energy sources are more reliable and should not be abandoned until the alternatives like clean energy have been stringently stress tested.’’ Discuss.

Discuss the potential impact of climate change on India's tourism industry and suggest ways to adapt to it.

. Comment on the National Wetland Conservation Programme initiated by the Government of India and name a few of India’s wetlands of international importance included in the Ramsar Sites. (Answer in 250 words, UPSC Mains 2023)

"A river’s purity is the first casualty of unchecked progress."Discuss the challenges in implementing effective wastewater treatment to curb river pollution in India.

How do you analyse the perceived trade-off between poverty reduction and environmental sustainability?

. The concept of 'nature-based solutions' is gaining traction globally. Discuss how India can effectively incorporate this approach in its environmental policy and biodiversity conservation efforts.

Watershed management refers to implementing land use practices and water management practices to protect and improve the quality of the water and other natural resources within a watershed. Explain how watershed management is key for sustainable and inclusive growth.